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Throughout recent years in molecular biology there has been an interest in studying the effects of the transformation of enzymes to allow for heightened, improved, or altered abilities. In what was only a mere 50 or so years ago in 1953 when Francis Crick, James…
You are employed by a company planning to start up a production facility using a CHO cell line in suspension culture to produce 1,000 kg of a therapeutic protein. Provide a recommendation for the use of either single-use or stainless steel bioreactors for the upstream…
New Entrants Sustainment of pharma industry is based on their focus on Research and development unit. The cost associated with R&D unit setup and its functioning is very high. Along with this the strict rules and regulations from the government on approval of new drugs…
Introduction The pharmaceutical industry is responsible to discover, develop, produce, and market drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for the use of medicinal purposes. Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices. They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that…
Now a day’s Nanotechnology may be a blazing source for the investigators due to reduced energy use, and better medical treatment. Nanoparticles are very tiny particles of material. Their size is measured in nanometer. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging from 1nm to 100 nm…
The second CytSh-miRNA, miR-932, is one with functions thus far exclusively described within the insect class. It is known to regulate memory in the honeybee (Cristino et al., 2014), confer deltamethrin resistance in a subspecies of Culex pipens mosquitoes (Liu et al., 2016), and modulate…
Embryos were dechorionated prior to immunostaining (Juhn & James, 2012). A protocol described for zebrafish juveniles was adapted for both embryonic and larval tissue due to perceived similarities in their compositions (Goody & Henry, 2013). Tissues were dissected in PBST, then fixed in 4% PFA…
Bioengineering is an interesting field to do my undergraduate studies because it encompasses almost everything from basic chemistry & biology to the more advanced technologies that we use for information gathering about human systems, for example, EEG to record brain signals analyze behavioral changes, CT…
INTRODUCTION Field pea is one of the most important cool season crop among the pulses grown in India. But lack of well adapted high yielding varieties resistance to various stresses is a major constraint in increasing the area and productivity of Field pea in India….
Nanostructures have attracted steadily growing interest due to their fascinating properties, as well property microstructure correlation.They can be divided into three kinds, namely 0D, 1D, and 2D nanostructures based on their shapes Nanostructures can be divided into: (i) zero-dimensional (0D) when they are uniform, (ii)…
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