Stem cell, an undifferentiated cell that can split to generate certain descendants cells that remain as stem cells and some cells that are (become specific) supposed to distinguish. Stem cells are a continuous cause of differentiated cells that create up animal and plant tissues and…
Essays on Biology
What if there was something on the market that had the potential to cure and successfully treat diabetes, heart failure, Parkinson’s disease, and other incurable diseases? Most likely, a majority of people would put their support behind this treatment. Would this glorious cure still carry…
Microbes are smallest forms of life on earth having largest uncultivated pool of biodiversity. Microbes are the driving force for many functions of the ecosystem and thus could play crucial role in maintaining agriculture and energy security. Furthermore, microorganisms play a vital role in every…
Millions of people die each year from degenerative and untreatable diseases. While millions more await the possibility of an organ transplant. As the supply verses demand does not meet clinical demand increases each decade. Stem cell research has been deemed the key to bridge that…
When viewing climate change, there are many influences driving the changes happening to our planet and connection between humans and climate change. As of today, atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases are greater than ever, and a majority of the reasons point to humans. Cultural Consumption…
Climate change has been a topic of discussion for quite a long time now. We can see it being mentioned everywhere, from television news to radio to newspapers. Even though there exists a group that believes climate change is something natural and not a happening…
Recently I have been curious about stem cells, and gain more knowledge of how they work. Asking what are they? Where do they come from? And what do I know about them? Knowing these amazing stem cells live inside our bodies. Sighted it as an…
The process of mono- and di- hybrid crosses is a main example of how each species can express their phenotypic characteristics. For these evaluations to be accurately tested for, the model organism that is used is Drosophila melanogaster. This model organism has a quick lifecycle…
Fertilisers are the chemical products that human created with the help of ammonia so the plants can grow faster and be bigger. There are different types of fertilisers, the Complete inorganic fertilisers, and the Special purpose fertiliser. The complete inorganic fertilisers contain all three major…
In today’s world, there are many technologies that gives us the opportunity to explore various aspects of our world. Factors such as viewing textbooks online or even submitting your assignments but more importantly giving us the ‘internet’, which allows us to make our daily day…
Since the structure of DNA was determined in the 1950s, scientists have continued to make great advancements in establishing how the “building blocks of life” are intertwined. In 2003, the Human Genome Project was completed. At the time, the cost for the first individual to…
In this study a genome wide (GW) trans ethnic meta-analysis was conducted of predominately regular type coffee consumption on 91,462 coffee consumers of European ancestry with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and followed up in 13 studies of European coffee consumers and 7 studies of African…
All living organisms on earth are made of cells, and there are two types of cell in the world. They are prokaryotic cells[fig.1] and eukaryotic cells[fig.2] ‘Prokaryotes were the only form of life on earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotic cells came…
The control of movement within cells and organisms is a vital aspect for survival amongst beings. Without the control of these movements crucial processes such as photosynthesis and DNA replication would not be able to occur thus disabling organisms to survive and breed. Over time…
For organisms to be able to adapt in this ever-changing world, one must evolve. Evolution, however, is not as simple as it seems, it is a battle between species, species battle it out and the species more willing to change wins, and it looks like…
The nineteenth century author, Charles Dickens wrote of Tuberculosis that it is, “a disease which medicine never cured, wealth warded off, or poverty could boast exemption from – which sometimes moves in giant strides, and sometimes at a tardy sluggish pace, but, slow or quick,…
Zika virus (ZIKV) is currently taxonomic classified according to the ICTV Online (10th) Report and the last change into Zika virus taxon has occurred in 2018. ZIKV moved to the new higher-level taxa (realm) and has been classified as a member of the realm of Riboviria….
TREAT-NMD is a world renowned infrastructure for patients, biochemical industry, clinicians and researchers. It provides the necessary information in the creation and development of therapies, while considering standardised care guidelines, expanding collaboration if needed due to the expansive international scale of TREAT-NMD, developing improved patient…
In “Tastes Like Chicken,” Jacob Bunge talks about the emerging of protein of the masses on breeding chicken. Jacob Bunge thinks that the chicken is going to be the “protein of the masses,” because to start off, there is suppose to be 2.4 billion additional…
It’s simply known as typhoid, it is a bacterial infection due to a specific type of Salmonella particularly, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi growing in the intestines and blood. Typhoid can be spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. The risk factors include poor sanitation and poor…
Zika virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus, a mosquito borne virus that is close related to arthropod borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue virus and West Nile virus. It was originated in Unganda through monkeys in 1997 and later discovered that it can affect human…
Since electric power, based on fossil fuels, once considered inevitable, pollutes our environment and destroys valuable natural resources, scientists are looking for alternative, clean, natural resources. The answer is right in their back yard. The energy produced from natural sources has been around for hundreds…
Charles Darwin, in his evolutionary theory, states that a successful species adapts best to the immediate environment. (He did not coin the highly popular phrase attributed to him – ‘Survival of the Fittest’ but accepted economist Herbert Spencer’s suggestion regarding the same. That’s trivia for…
Evolution can sometimes be described as the way living things change genetically and produce new life forms over a large period of time. (O’Callaghan, 2009) It is said that living things developed over millions of years and formed the living things that live on this…
Introduction The human capacity to regenerate cells and tissues is limited. Diseases and injury often result in degeneration and loss of cells with devastating consequences. Regenerative medicine aims at replenishing such cells. We live in an era where scientists can grow the majority of cell…
The coronavirus pandemic will go down in history as the most unexpected occurrence in this century. While the governments are still battling it, there is still a long way to go to ensure the virus is entirely eradicated from the public. Systems with other systems…
Life has been so normal and free until the virus came to the country wherein cases and deaths were increases reported each day. According to WHO (World Health Organization), the coronavirus disease or also known today as COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a…
In an attempt to effectively control public health practices, the South Korea government rigorously implemented classic public-health tools which integrated technology. Examples include mass testing of people through the drive-through model and rigorous contact tracing using technology with real-time integrated tracking and analytics [16]. Digital…
In this dissertation, to sense glucose levels in individuals, a number of design technologies have existed. The main object is to design a highly selective and sensitive device for glucose sensing. With the prime focus on a blood glucose sensor and work did so far…
Glucose monitoring is a technology that has been used to monitor diabetes for the last thirty years. There has been evolution of glucose, started with glucose measuring methods that used enzymes to determine the content. Nowadays there is plenty of glucose monitoring devices that give…
Abstract Insulin is the hormone our pancreas produces to allow our cells to use and stockpile glucose we obtain from consuming food. With the of loss insulin our bodies would not be able to control blood sugar levels, making it necessary hormone for us to…
Mitosis is the cell division which results in the two-daughter cell that have the same number of the chromosome as the parents have. I have used three research paper for my review paper they are multivalent binding of PWWP2AtoH2A.Z regulates mitosis and neural crest differentiation,…
Abstract Neutral red dye transports through a membrane of yeast cells using active transport.. We decided that changing glucose concentration could overcome inhibition of active transport channels in S. cerevisiae and lead to an increase of ATP made available to the cell; therefore an increase…
Meiosis in angiosperms (flowering plants) occurs within the floral organs of the plant and is defined by two major features: recombination of the pre-meiotic chromosomes and the reduction of ploidy in half. The ploidy is reduced in half because a single round of DNA replication…
Erythrosine (disodium salt of tetra iodofluorescein) an artificial red dye (cherry-pink) vastly used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic colouring made from coal tar (Combes and Haveland-Smith, 1982). According to the World Health Organization iodine may be affect thyroid which leads to thyroid tumors. Erythrosine gives…
Defective disjunction of sister chromatids can arise due to aberrant DNA structures that are mainly detected during anaphase and are known as ultrafine anaphase bridges. These bridges have to be repaired otherwise the bridge persists into cytokinesis and could give rise to chromosomal instability. Ongoing…
This assignment will talk about the origins and effects of Ebola. Plus the characteristics of Ebola and what makes it so dangerous to human life. Also this assignment will talk about what will happen when Ebola enters the human body such as the physical effects,…
Ebola is a zoonotic disease, meaning that the disease can spread within, and infect across, both human and animal populations. In Ebola’s case the virus has been seen to spread through non-human primate populations with similar levels of devastation to that of humans (1), however…
The number of people affected by cardiac problems every year is rising globally and one of the many actions taken to address this broad concern is employing tissue engineering techniques for cardiac tissue repair and regeneration. Although, there are limitations in the ability of human…
The mammalian heart has been considered for long time as a terminally differentiated organ incapable of regenerating after injury. In recent years, many evidences demonstrated that cardiomyocytes, during aging and after injury, are able to reentry in the cell cycle and promote cells renewal [Ahuja,…
Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are everywhere in this day in age, which is causing a lot of controversy. Some saying there are potential risk and others saying it’s a great way to protect and increase yields which cut cost. Commercial sale of genetically modified (GM)…
Mammalian cell culture refers to cells that are isolated from the body of a mammal and are placed into an artificial medium (in vitro) which promotes their growth. Special skills and methods of preservation are needed to maintain the viability, structure and function of the…
Introduction Animal Cell Culture Animal Cell culture is an technique for understanding the structure and function of cells, nowadays it has very good implications in biotechnology. Cultured animal cells are commercially used for the production of interferon, vaccines and clinical materials like growth hormones and…
Introduction The critical cycle of energy and matter that supports the continued existence of life on earth. The important in this world of living and surviving is simply knowing the stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis and how they interact and interdependence. Cellular respiration and…
Introduction Cellular respiration is basically a way for cells to break down glucose and turn it into ATP. Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is what carries the energy through the cell. In this lab you figure out how cellular reparation works using yeast fermentation and germinating…
Claim Human technology has caused evolution of the human species to stall Research question To what extent has advancements in medicine helped preserve negative genetic mutations in the human gene pool? Rationale In “On the Origin of Species”, Darwin proposed that changes occur in the…
Tropical maize is not suitable for growth in the cold climates at high latitudes or altitudes, where daily temperatures around zero and bright sunlight are common. Such conditions predispose the plants to a series of events that can ultimately lead to destruction of the photosynthetic…
Photosynthesis is the process by which photoautotrophic organisms absorb solar radiation and utilise carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates. Stress factors impacting components like photosystems, pigments or electron transport chain can reduce the optimal photosynthetic performance of plants. C3 photosynthesis occurs in over 95%…
Statement Of Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of acidic pHs, specifically 5 and 6.5, on the rate of photosynthesis, determined through production of oxygen, in C. Demersum. The variable groups are aqueous solutions with pHs of 5 and 6.5,…
Photosynthesis is that the method through that plants utilize light-weight to convert water and dioxide therefore making food, sanctionative growth, and Releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. chemical action is crucial to life. Without it, life wouldn’t be capable. All things alive utilize chemical action in…
As human beings it’s so easy to convince ourselves to believe that what is generally accepted in society is justifiably correct. Rarely do we, as a society, question our actions as long as they yield desirable consequences such as convenience, profit or social benefit. Everything…
Introduction In surface chemistry, adsorption stands for the adhesion of chemical species onto the surface of particles. Adsorptions are usually done with the help of adsorbents. These adsorbent surface acts as an effective adsorptive sites that attracts pollutant ions to accommodate into the vacant sites….
Enzymes, commonly known as proteins, are biological catalytic molecules that effect the rate at which chemical reactions take place within the cells of an organism. Generally speaking, these biological molecules are key players in the vitality, digestion and metabolism of all living organisms. The rate…
In a world where it is not only possible to screen for the gender of a child but also to effectively select the gender of said child, many issues are being raised concerning both the moral implications and societal risks that come with this ability….
Jake Smith Mr. Little Apocalyptic film2/5/18 I am legend The opening scene of I am legend really shows you many diverse shots as cameras go over the sunken city of New York. The city is in complete shambles and they do a great job with…
Influenza virus morphogenesis is a complicated cascade of interactions between host and viral factors. The study initiated and is ongoing over the last five decades. There are groups of viruses where genetic segments can exchange leading to reassortment which may result in the emergence of…
Introduction Mr. Ahmad had a fall at work consequently suffered from an intracerebral hemorrhage. Mr. Ahmad was declared brain-dead on his 3rd postoperative day after undergoing craniotomy surgery. Leaving his wife and 2 teenage children. His wife was informed by his doctor and transplant coordinator…
Bacteria are invisible to the naked eye, yet hold the potential to bring down entire organisms. Bacteria can affect a wide range of organisms, but most are specified to a particular species. My personal encounter with the bacteria was with E. coli. More specifically, the…
What does being mature mean? To be mature not only means physically, but also mentally; to stop childishness and “become an adult”. Harper Lee, the author of the novel,To Kill A Mockingbird, has represented mental maturity through two young siblings, Jem and Scout, who live…
Types of Cell Reproduction There are two ways for cells to reproduce: asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction of cells is the reproduction of all cells in the body(ie: stomach and skin cells) excluding the gametes which are the sperm and egg cells. The reproduction…
Introduction Spring is a hectic time for keen gardeners. There are many jobs to do in the garden and we are busy as bees. However, when it comes to planting, everything else can be left behind. The most important thing to do in spring is…
Building Your Integrity: Four Practical Steps Integrity is the impetus of your character. It is that pivot on which every other of your value finds its balance. You are a good person or bad person depending on your how much you carry your integrity. Thus,…
Essence of the Question Food is basic essential of human life. After air and water, without food we can’t stay alive. Food is indispensable source of living. The meals we devour consists of the nutrients that our bodies want to exchange worn out cells, remains…
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place inside a plant, it has two stages known as the light reactions and the Calvin Cycle which then divides into photosystem I and photosystem II. It is known as the process that feeds the biosphere which involves…
The power of human mind, to not just guess but to say with certainty that something is true, that’s magical. My perception of mathematics has gradually changed throughout my Sixth Form experiences to the point I am convinced to further my studies in it. The…
Humans cannot be conditioned to not hate one another; hate and selfishness are a part of human nature. It is impossible to remove a certain emotion and simply replace it with another; it is impossible to quickly remove greed from one’s heart and replace it…
The Zika virus is mainly spread through the bite of an infected female Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito (vector). This virus was first noticed in the Zika Forest in Uganda in 1947, but over time there have been reports of Zika outbreaks in southeastern…
We are surrounded by a lot of bacteria in the world that could potentially enter our bodies and create harm or good for the immune system. Although our bodies are balanced with good and bad bacteria, Tuberculosis is not a bacteria that you would want…
Zika virus, that is caused by infected Aedes species mosquito, is a serious threat for pregnant women and their unborn offsprings. It can be transmitted from the mother to the fetus and cause different deformities in the baby. What makes the situation graver is the…
The Evolution of Humans The definition of evolution according to “Merriam-Webster”, is “descent with modification from preexisting species : cumulative inherited change in a population of organisms through time leading to the appearance of new forms: the process by which new species or populations of…
What is homo sapiens and how did archaeologist and many other professionals understand human’s evolution? Homo Sapiens is the species that we human beings belong in this world. Also, homo sapiens is a scientist name for humans. They evolved in Africa two million years ago…
Culture and nature represents human evolution in a way that defines what is a human? What make human? What makes humans different from other animal especially African apes and monkeys? The human brains had developed into bigger brains and have been able to learn more…
Materials and Methods In this experiment we used two beakers. One was filled halfway with ethanol, while the other was filled halfway with water. Two teaspoons of baking soda went into each beaker. Then, Elodea (an aquatic plant) was put in each beaker. We then…
Below habitat loss, the invasive plants and animals are identified to as the second significant danger to the biodiversity in Yukon. Yukon refers to the Canadian territory that lies in North America. In other North American leadership, a lot of invasive plants are held accountable…
Obesity is a growing epidemic around the world and dramatically increases the risk of developing a number of chronic diseases (Gambero and Ribeiro, 2015). The currently available anti-obesity drugs contain numerous adverse effects (Li and Cheung, 2011), having a great interest in natural products as…
Applied microbiology is a branch of microbiology in which micro-organisms are studied and utilised, perhaps even exploited, for the benefit of humans and animals. According to (Nature. com, 2018), applied microbiology is “a scientific discipline that deals with the application of microorganisms and the knowledge…
Introduction Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) emerged with the death of a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia in 2012, and the causative agent was subsequently identified as a novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which belongs to lineage C Betacoronaviruses. As a zoonoses, with dromedary camels as…
The immune system is what keeps animals healthy and is essential for survival. The immune system fights against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and without it the body would just be open for attack. The immune system involves many types of cells, organs, proteins and tissues which…
Salmonella spp The Salmonella bacterium is a rod-shaped motile bacterium that posesses a flagellum. A flagellum is a long thin tail that helps the bacterium to move Salmonella reproduces asexually with binary fission. Binary fission has four steps: First the cell elongates and makes a…
Among modern world’s main issues, potential energy shortage for the years to come and climate change consequences are some of the main ones according to several institutions around the globe. Primary energy consumption has been increasing at a rate of 2. 5% recently. According to…
