Essays on Chemistry

Nanofluids in modern age are attracting the attention of researchers. In many industrial applications, nuclear reactors, transportation, electronics as well as biomedicine and food, the method of improving nanofluid heat transfer takes pace. The main focus of this article is to explain the fundamental processes…

Getting recognized for awards has become a huge part of society and it has brought forth a huge cluster of academics, artists, scientists, humanitarians, and many more astounding individuals of invention and influence. The Nobel Peace Prize is a prime example of a prestigious award…

Salt is considered as one of the important economic mineral that is widely distributed on all the continents that occur in large reserves (Affam and Asamoah, 2011). The production of common salt is one of the most ancient and widely distributed industries in the world…

The initial and ultimate goal of any health promotion campaign is to increase people’s understanding towards various types of diseases and encourage them in modifying their lifestyle and subsequently prevent the danger of spreading diseases. One key point to achieve this purpose is that all…

Early chemists used chromatography to separated color combinations by utilizing filter paper on color collection. The dye solution transported the material formed by the action of the capillaries, while the dye components produced lines of different colors. In the 19th century, German botanists conducted a…

This paper uses non destructive ultrasonic techniques to study the molecular interaction in the binary mixture of Allyl amine with 2-methoxy ethanol. Ultrasonic velocity (U) , density (ρ) viscosity (η) for the binary liquid mixtures of, 2-methoxy ethanol with Allyl aminehave been measured for 2MHz…

The study by Tsai and Kass was referenced to support the effects of low level ethanol, but was not a similar to my investigation. A study by Danziger et. al investigated the effects of ethanol on ECC coupling in cardiac myocytes as a whole, looking…

Salt is a basic piece of all human and individual life. What cause’s salt so important? It is the sodium/particles that the salt has. Our body utilizes salt to keep up a portion of its basic abilities. For instance, salt is utilized to take-up specific…

There was no distinction between sodium and potassium until the 18th century as early chemists did not distinguish between the mineral alkali sodium carbonate and vegetable alkali potassium carbonate from each other. Sodium was discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy in England by means…

The Sodium Intake of people in poverty stricken areas in the Philippines is causing major problems to them. According to the Philippines Statistics Authority (2019), the percentage of Filipinos who live below the poverty line is 21% or almost 1 in every 5 people are…

Dietary sodium deficiency in the healthy European population is rare, with Ireland having a trend of high intakes. In 2011, the average daily sodium intake for 18-64 year olds in Ireland was 2.96g (7.4g salt)3. According to the FSAI, this figure had increased to nearly…

I woke up one beautiful Saturday morning thinking “What was Gandhi going to get himself into this time.” When I started driving in my red honda to fox 5 news, to work I saw Gandhi. Of course, gathering up people wanting to start a protest….

Salt has been around forever. It can be so tiny, yet still play a big part in explaining the history of the world. Salt has been used for many things throughout time. It was used to help care for Egyptian mummies, and make sure that…

Introduction In surface chemistry, adsorption stands for the adhesion of chemical species onto the surface of particles. Adsorptions are usually done with the help of adsorbents. These adsorbent surface acts as an effective adsorptive sites that attracts pollutant ions to accommodate into the vacant sites….

Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place inside a plant, it has two stages known as the light reactions and the Calvin Cycle which then divides into photosystem I and photosystem II. It is known as the process that feeds the biosphere which involves…

The driving forces for the low molecular weight gelators ( LMWGs ) where it self-assembles are due to dipole- dipole attraction, hydrogen- bonding, π- π interactions, and the van der Waals forces. For the construction of an LMWG, it is efficient if it uses low…

Alkali Metals Lithium is on the top of Alkali metals and the lights out of all the metals. It is so light that it will float on water unlike some metals, and when it comes in contact with water it reacts by fizzing and putting…

Chlorination reactions are key processes used in industry and are also utilized in the public sector. In terms of the atomic level a chlorination reaction is any reaction or process in which chlorine, and no other element, are introduced into a molecule. These reactions must…

Ideas and practices have an intriguing way of emanating and spreading across communities, countries, and geographical regions. Numerous diffusion events are highlighted occasionally in mass media as it shapes and radically transforms the daily lives of multitudes of people around the world. Notable examples include…

SOL-Gel Processing Dong et al describes a method to synthesize iodine butyl-n-sulfonate amino polysiloxane {(IB-N-SA) PDMS} using poly(4-iodobutoxy) methylsiloxane and guanidine sulfamate. The cotton fabric was then soaked in a bath of (IB-N-SA) PDMS, zirconium oxide chloride, and urea at room temperature for four minutes…

Chemistry is important because of all the inventions it has created and of all the things it has explained. If it wasn’t for chemistry, we wouldn’t have the majority of the medicines we have today. In chemistry, they develop and test new medicines which keep…

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from natural graphite powder using a modified Hummers’ method (Ji et al. , 2012), (Wang et al. , 2011). Fe3O4 microspheres were produced tracing a solvothermal method published formerly (Deng et al. , 2010). FeCl3. 6H2O (4. 32 g) and…

The focus is important because it is the crucial gateway to thinking, including memory, learning, problem-solving, reasoning, and decision making. It can improve the quality of knowledge, which leads to an improvement in success. One of the problems that I have always struggled with is…

Naturally occurring Arsenic happens naturally as part, ranks because the twentieth most occurring element within the layer and is cosmopolitan within the setting. The last word supply of arsenic on the surface is igneous activity. Arsenic is wide unfold within the socio-economic class of the…

Introduction Chemical testing, whether qualitative or quantitative is done by running several chemical tests or reactions to establish the identity of a chemical through properties unique to that chemical. In the real world this type of testing could be used for many different reasons. Knowing…

In producing large quantity of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is the most abandon component found on earth, however, it is rarely found as an element on its own. Hydrogen as an elements is compatible with a fuel cell and is environmentally friendly. It is a promising…

Sea food is one of a the main sources of low calorie animal protein and a source of nutrients and minerals. However, sea food can accumulate contaminates from the environment and food. These contaminants may be pathogenic bacteria or heavy metals. The studies indicate the…

Alcohol, which is a volatile liquid that evaporates quickly, can be used for cooling your skin after a sunburn or controlling a high fever. It is known to work so efficiently due to its quick evaporation rates and its ability to lower temperature. Evaporation rate…

Introduction Quantum dots are tiny particles or nanocrystals of a semiconducting materials with diameters in the range of 2-10 nanometer (10-50 atoms). As result of this phenomenon, quantum dots can emit any color of the light from the same materials simply by changing the dots…

Introduction Water is a source of life and regarded as the most essential of natural resources. Increasing contamination of freshwater with thousands of industrial and natural chemicals is one of the key environmental problems in today’s world. Among other pollutants, the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)…

Abstract There has been a quick development in the economy with the expansion in the consumption over the world. This over consumption has brought about the decrease of the earth. The outcomes of this natural neediness have brought about pollution, global warming, and so on…

Stevensite is a complex mineral compound with the chemical formula (Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2. Ranging from white to pale pink, brown or yellow, this unique naturally occurring geological substance is a member of the Smectite group of minerals. Found in relative abundance, limited research has been compiled regarding…

In Nature Energy’s informative article titled “Solar conversion of CO2 to CO using Earth-abundant electrocatalysts prepared by atomic layer modification of CuO,” the focal point of the entire essay is emphasized through the main study, which involves the use of copper oxide nanowires, along with…

Introduction: Any chemical process is the combination of some essential unit operations, and the important one is a chemical reaction and mass transfer. The rate of mass transfer influences many vital aspects of a process like the success rate of how good a process is…

Olive oil is obtained from the fruits — technically named drupes — of Olea Europea L., a tree that’s best full-grown between the thirty and also the forty five parallel. Consequently, the Mediterranean countries offer ninety fifth of the planet oil production, seventy fifth of…

In chemistry, students often describe this subject with the things that they can remember and associate with such as, atoms and molecules, chemicals and substances, mixtures and compounds, and a lot of laboratory work. But, in reality, chemistry is more than just a subject taught…

Humans are faced with a number of diseases and chemical toxicity due to sustained pollution of environment. One of the management strategies is the use of herbs. This is the driving force for this study. Ninety six female rats were mobilized for this study and…

The standard requirements to be met by current fuel lines (SAE J 2260) are manifold, as indicated above. In addition to typical mechanical and chemical polyamide properties, current fuel lines for reasons of environmental and health protection must possess highest barrier properties against volatile organic…

Fluoropolymers are known to exhibit exceptional resistance to chemical degradation and vapor permeation. Accordingly, these materials are desirable for use as liners in tubing, hoses, and other conduits such as for conveying fuel or fuel vapor in automotive, aerospace, or marine applications, or for conveying…

Methanol Substances with similar characteristics to the solvent dissolve easily thus for a polar substance which is -OH group it must be dissolved in a polar solvent. Alcohols are polar due to the -OH group polarity as it dominates the molecule and makes it polar,…

Carbon dioxide It reacts with alkali to produce carbonates and It is soluble in water and it is colourless gas. Carbon dioxide is used to produce soft drinks and soda water.Carbon dioxide is used for to prevent fungal also Carbon dioxide doesn’t react with acid…

Introduction “The key to a good garden is a good soil.” – Jackie Ritz. To grow a plant, the nutrients needed should be sustained for it to continuously live and also choosing the soil best for it. Some uses different ways to consistently make the…

The purpose of this experiment was to monitor the oxidation reaction of benzoin to benzil through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and extract the product with liquid-liquid extraction. During the oxidation reaction a phase-transfer catalyst called Stark’s catalyst was used and then monitored by TLC until…

At an A-Level Biology taster course I was introduced to genetic fingerprinting and partook in an experiment using gel electrophoresis. Watching different DNA fragments travel to the cathode at different distances, I saw the similarity with electrolysis, a concept I was familiar with from Chemistry….

Green chemistry is known as a sustainable source of energy or sustainable chemistry as the chemicals used in it generate very less amount of hazardous chemicals. It’s mainly focuses on minimizing the negative effects on environment due to pollution and finds out ways to preventing…

Introduction Cosmetics and perfumes, sometimes viewed as the savior of women and recently men too. A person beautifying their outward appearance has been a tradition in the world since ancient times. Whether it may be a new hair dye, a newly bought fragrance, or a…

The use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an environmentally friendly oxidant for organic compounds has gained industrial importance since it offers the advantages of simple process, easy work-up, low cost and reduction in noxious waste materials. Hydrogen peroxide is a clean and effective oxidizing agent…

This is Anna Popova, and I am very sad to announce that my husband has passed and is no longer with us. May his soul rest forever in heaven. Below is his obituary, as written by a local newspaper. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev has sadly passed…

Theoretical Background Thousands of years ago, burying wastes have already been an effective way in helping the environment. However, because of the increase in population in the present time, digging a hole is not enough. With the larger number of human population, equates larger amount…

The somewhat enjoyable smell of recently purchased vehicles can be described as oddly satisfying for the majority of buyers, but where does this odour come from? With the production of vehicles, comes a wide variety of long, hard to pronounce chemicals that don’t appear to…

Everything from our plastic water bottles and cosmetics to our non-stick frying pans contains chemicals that accumulate in our bodies. From furniture to food containers, our lives are filled with chemicals, many of which may be hazardous to our health. Some of these substances can…

A hydrated iron(III) fluoride (FeF3. 0.33 H2O) and hydrated multi-walled carbon nanotubes- iron(III) fluoride (MWCNT-FeF3.0.33 H2O) composites were prepared by a simple two-step method. Firstly, a wet chemistry reaction between iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3*9H2O) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The thermal decomposition of the mixture in…

Cashew nut shell is a waste from cashew nut industry. It contains liquid known as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) which has similar molecule structure with synthetic phenol Phenol is a material for phenolic resin in preparation of varnish. The aims of this research are…

When you create or generate an idea, what follows is doubt caused by uncertainty. Everyone has doubts cause with a massive opportunity there lies a chance of great risk too. To make an idea into reality what are need are a good team and good…

Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), a metal-free polymeric semiconductor with visible light activated band gap (2.70 eV) has been proposed as photocatalyst in the applications involving water splitting and decomposition of organic pollutants for advantages of earth abundance, appropriate reduction potential, exceptional physical properties, unique…

Give two examples Answer 1: According to the class lecture and YouTube video by Patrick Shamberger ( Indexing Crystal Planes using Miller Indices {Texas A&M: Intro to Materials (MSEN 201)}) supplied in this homework question, Miller indices can describe the position of an atom by…

An isotope is a form of a chemical element that contains the same number of protons but different amount of neutrons, which are located in the nucleus telling us that their atomic number and their chemical properties stays the same, but it affects their relative…

In this chapter a series of electrochemically oxidized CF samples are produced using a commercial grade PAN precursor fibre and characterized using SEM, XPS, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The application of the Raman spectroscopic techniques developed and demonstrated through the previous chapters, namely mapping and…

Polyoxometalates (POMs) display a well explored area of inorganic metal oxide-derived materials, and they have shown potential for applications in the areas of electrochemistry, catalysis, magnetism, medicine, materials design(Jacks32). POMs, isopoly[MmOy]p- and heteropolyanions [XxMmOy]q- are inorganic metal‐oxide cluster materials with a large diversity in geometrical…

Ethanol’s vapour pressure is lower than that of petrol, resulting in lower evaporative emissions while its flammability is also much lower than that of petrol, reducing the risk of vehicles catching fire. In addition, there is no gum formation associated with ethanol, and anti-oxidants and…

While it is for the most part concurred that ethanol has a higher-octane number than gas, the correct octane numbers for various mixes of gas and ethanol are conflicting in the writing. The trouble in deciding the genuine octane numbers is ascribed to the impediments…

Excitement for the usage of ethanol is growing in the Bound together States and around the globe. Ethanol is correct currently used as a piece of the U.S., both as blending administrator in gas (at a 10% level as an oxygenate which diminishes carbon monoxide…

Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have various uses in different fields like biological sensing, labeling, fuel cell, and cosmetic. Zinc oxide show UV blocking properties .When UV blocking properties added to zinc oxide nanoparticles then it show cosmetics properties.Nanoparticles having wavelength less than wavelength of…

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are the three phlorizin derived drugs recently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These drugs selectively inhibit SGLT-2 in kidney without affecting the intestinal SGLT-1. SGLT-2, the main reabsorption transporter of glucose in nephron, if inhibited, is likely…

There is type of corrosion caused by this corrosion tragedy, namely Electrochemical Corrosion. For the Electrochemical Corrosion, it is the combination of two electrodes, metal and electrolyte, which constitute a corrosive primary battery. For example, iron and oxygen, because the electrode potential of iron is…

In these recent years, a rapid depletion of fossil fuels has becoming a major issue in world as a demand towards fuel consumption per number of population is explodes either in air, land or water transportation sector and it is responsible for 60% of total…

Egg Lab Write-Up Abstract Eggs provide us with a good demonstration of diffusion of the solutes within cells. Materials include an egg, vinegar, corn syrup, distilled water, an electronic balance, a weighing boat, and a cup. The reader will find that the egg becomes smaller…

INTRODUCTION There are various type of laundry detergent. Most older types of laundry detergent would use very strong soaps to wash away dirt, many of the more modern brands of detergent are trying ways that are more “green” for getting rid of stains. These detergents…

The effect of magnesium oxide (MgO) on the thermal conductivity reinforcement of silicone elastomers has not been extensively studied. Most of the previous works about thermal conductivity of MgO/polymer composites have focused on matrices with less viscosities like epoxy [1,2] and Poly methyl methacrylate (3)….

“An experiment to determine the effect of changing the temperature of freshly squeezed orange juice on its concentration of Vitamin C?” Research Question How does varying the temperature of freshly squeezed orange juice affect the concentration of Vitamin C within it, which can be tested…

Hydrous gold (Au) oxide , on polycrystalline Au (Au (poly)) electrode was in situ generated and generated Hydrous Au oxide was reduced by applying chronoamperometric (CA) technique with following parameter: EL = -.3V and EU = 2V with pulse time 0.1s for 3000 potential steps…

Process Flow Chart THE COATING PROCESS The application of this process involves in the following steps: Degreasing First cleaned Reinforcement bars from surface contaminations such as oil and grease etc. by solvent cleaning. Surface preparation Secondly, blast clean the Reinforcement bars using abrasive grit or…

When pouring chemicals from one vessel to another, and they can also be fitted with a filter to separate solids from liquids. Separatory funnels are also used for filtration and extraction, having a bulb-shaped enclosed body fitted with a stopper on the top to prevent…

As a past Science educator, the theme of sulfates generally speaking comes up in wine talks. An extensive number of people do recognize what a sulfate is. Sulfates or Sulfur Dioxide, a compound shaped from Sulfur and Oxygen, happens commonly in the developing framework in…

The investigation of changes in serum enzymes in diseases is one of the most rapidly expanding fields in clinical biochemistry .Wroblewski and his co werkers in 1956 published their first paper on serum Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (S-GOT) and followed by serum lactate dehydrogenase and brought the…

Composites include a base material or matrix and additives to improve the properties of the matrix. Today, composite materials have attracted much attention in many industries such as aerospace, automotive and marine industries, due to their low weight, high strength to weight ratios, and high…

In this study, the equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) are employed for exploring the anisotropic thermal transport properties inside lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) as a cathode material in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Here we provide a deeper study of them in…

Introduction There are several biochemical processes take place in the organisms which indispensable for the living. For instance, respiration, excretion and nutrition. These processes involve the exchange of nutrients, gases and waste products. Cells have to be small in size for expediting the diffusion rate…

Improving the Rheological Properties using Metal Oxides Nanoparticles: It is generally observed that metallic oxides form nanoparticles which tend to increase the yield point of the drilling mud. Metallic oxides exhibiting the ability to form ionic bonds results in the increment of the Plastic viscosity…

Multiferroic Bi(1-x)BaxFeO3 (x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by using spray pyrolysis method. The prepared samples sintered at temperature 5500C for 2h show a single phase nature. The structural properties were investigated using XRD.X-ray diffraction studies reveals the distorted rhombohedral R3c perovskite structure….