Essays on Cognitive Psychology

The theory of multiple intelligences, proposed by Howard Gardner, revolutionized our understanding of human abilities. This theory posits that intelligence is not a singular, fixed entity, but rather a diverse set of intelligences that individuals possess to varying degrees. In this essay, we will explore…

Personal threats are unwelcome intrusions that can disrupt an individual’s sense of security and well-being. This essay examines the various forms of personal threats, their psychological and emotional impact, strategies for coping and resilience, and the importance of seeking support to overcome the challenges they…

74 years ago, in San Francisco, the United Nations charter was drafted and signed by representatives of 50 governments. In the very first chapter of this charter is established the right of all peoples to self-determination, which Merriam-Webster defines as the people’s choice of their…

The actual motivation behind starting to read and deep dive into this book was nothing else but a form of desire coming from my inner self of creating a more conscious way of handling feelings, interactions and life-related questions. When being faced with constant challenges…

Introduction Perception – a phenomenon which is hard to describe since everybody perceives things differently. At least, according to Otara (2011) every single person has his or her own interpretation of reality. So, the question is, what is reality if everybody sees things in another…

The timely accessibility of substantial volumes of computational control in small devices and their constantly reducing price has given chance for the idea of “Ubiquitous Computing”. The goal of Weiser (2013) in envisioning ubiquitous computing was to make computational capability available to individuals anywhere and…

Students need self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies to effectively navigate in their learning journey. The three-phase, cyclic process of SRL is consistent with metacognition process (Ormrod, 2016). Previous research in SRL has shown that students often do not spontaneously use metacognitive skills during learning, which in…

“I can’t do it.” These are four little words that carry immense weight with them. No parent wants to hear their child say these words. But, frustration in children is rampant, especially with the growing pressures to outperform their peers. Often, when kids are faced…

“Learning of how to learn is one of the most important skills in life”(Fauziyah). Metacognition is described as an act of learning and understanding through the development of ideas and thoughts that are essential in life. Metacognition is made up of four components that share…

Metacognition is one’s own ability to control his cognitive performance. Thinking about learning is one of the strategies that stands out the most. Students nowadays tend to learn passively by memorizing their notes and reading books. Having an aim and achieving it by adjusting your…

When asked about the word “metacognition,” most students can define this word, some have an idea of what it is, and the rest are hearing of this word for the first time. Metacognition is one of the tools we use when learning. It is “knowing…

Parapsychology itself is the study of parapsychological experiences such experiences may include ESP, psychokinesis and phenomena suggesting survival and life after death. Phenomena orientated around survival and life after death, such occurrences may include near death experiences and reincarnation. These ‘paranormal’ experiences are not new…

When I watched the movie Crash for the first time in 2005. I like it but I have never watch it with a different perspective view or what the movie wants to present to us. The film describe different stories in how they engaged each…

Research on the dynamics of object recognition is important in understanding how individuals perceive, recognise and encode real life objects and their properties from everyday scenes. For example, films rely on the recognition of objects to understand the plot. Additionally, understanding the multi- faceted nature…

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods adopted by Cognitive Neuroscientists in order to understand the biological bases of behaviour and mental processing. This essay will be analysing the strengths and weaknesses of four different research methods that have been adopted by Cognitive…

 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a combination of behavioural and cognitive theories of human behaviour. CBT helps to build a set of skills that enables an individual to be aware of their thoughts and emotions; identify how situations, thoughts, and behaviours influence their emotions; and…

Another revision was offered by Cooper and Fazio. He stated that dissonance occurs due to an unwarranted consequence. This was referred to as “new look”, which meant that people feel bad about their actions if they result in an adverse consequence and thus a dissonance…

Cognitive dissonance alludes to the undesirable state of mental strain which individuals face while acting in a manner that contradicts with their own attitudes or beliefs. This occurs due to the irregularities in their thoughts or preceptions therefore, to lessen this discomfort there is an…

The exactness in eyewitness testimonies is pivotal in the direction of the criminal investigation activities. What an eyewitness gives in a court of law determines the fate of the person under investigation. The study will take place in the juvenile criminal and investigation department since…

We make memories every day, some are carried with us for much longer than others. For example: losing your first tooth, listening to your favorite band for the first time, your first concert, your first break-up, your first kiss – you get the idea. But…

When someone thinks “how did that person get over a traumatic even so easily?” that person that gets over that even quickly might have good resilience. Merriam Webster defines resilience as an “ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change.” Resilience is…

Consistent with previous research, this study found resilience to be higher in elite athletes compared to non-elite. Numerous studies show elite athletes tolerate stress more effectively (Fletcher and Sarker, 2012; Belem et al., 2014). Increased resilience provides a buffer protecting psychological health and accounts for…

Eyewitness testimony plays a crucial role and is an influential source of evidence in criminal cases and in the courtroom, in providing first-hand accounts to an event to allow the jury and judge to choose the guilt of a defendant (Kebbell & Milne, 1998). The…

An article written by Christine Hauser mentioned a man who was wrongfully accused of aggravated robbery and got sent to prison for nearly 17 years of his life; this man is named Richard A. Jones. And all of this happened because of a falsified eyewitness…

Savants are individual people who are able to show extraordinary skills that the average human being could not show on their own. Savants also show signs of not having specific cognitive skills that most humans need to have to be apart of society. This is…

Being healthy means caring for yourself, physically and mentally. Here are some of the best tips for achieving this goal: Quit bad habits. In fact, we ‘do not let the harmful behavior,’ but replace it with something that avoids the previous one and has no…

Forgiveness is an important, frequently misunderstood human experience. Once an individual experiences being hurt or wronged by someone, the feeling of anger or resentment becomes the natural reaction. The idea of forgiving the offender seems impossible, inequitable, and perhaps too strenuous to even consider. However,…

Executive functions (EF) encompass a set of cognitive abilities that allow individuals to plan for and achieve goals, and both behavioral and neural evidence highlights the extended development of EF over childhood and adolescence with the maturation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Best & Miller,…

Abstract Traditional models of visual memory strictly incorporate internal memory storage and ignore our reliance on the external visual world to maintain information. Experiments on visual working memory generally use paradigms that are designed to maximally load internal memory storage, although these situations do not…

Introduction “Have you ever felt that life is all memory, except for each passing event which you can’t even catch?” Memory involves processes like retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, ideas, events, and skills after the authentic information no longer exists. But how do…

Baddeley once said that humans are a species that can only survive by learning (Baddeley, 2009). Without learning, there will be no spoken language, no education, and we would have a very limited way in society. Learning and memory are inextricably intertwined. The learning capacity…

It is recommended that an average person gets approximately 8 hours of sleep every night to ensure the body and brain recover from the previous day and remains healthy. However, it is reported that students are getting far less than the recommended amount at about…

Throughout our daily lives, there are many different cognitive functions we use to survive, such as eating, sleeping, driving, etc. Without these functions, we’d be practically useless, not able to do the things that make us human. Being able to multitask, and retain knowledge through…

Abstract Previous research has established that an estimate of 75 percent of people encounter memory problems as they age. Studies have also shown that although women reach menopause at an age range of 45 to 55 years old, they are still higher achievers when it…

Do you ever wonder how memory works, or how reliable memory is? This paper will explore how memory is affected by different factors. Memory is a complex process that involves the brain and other parts of our body. Memory is an important part of everyday…

Abstract This quasi-experimental study has evaluated a hypothesis that states that the use of color in instructional strategies enhances high school students’ short-term memory recall of new material and long-term learning. This problem was researched because previous peer-reviewed studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between…

There are so many neuroscience techniques and more are being researched and explored. Not every technique works for everyone, because we all are different so someone may respond to a technique and someone may not. Deep brain stimulation is a surgical procedure that implants electrodes…

There have been many contributors to the neuroscience perspective of psychology. Some contributions have made a significant impact on science and psychology. In this paper, I will describe the history, founder, theory, modern applications, and how this theory relates to nursing. History The history of…

​​​​​​Abstract Neuroscience Perspective (NP) is a vital aspect of the field of nursing; the basic understanding of its history, founders, basic theory, and modern applications will greatly allow future nurses to comprehend how the perspective of neuroscience will play a role in their careers. From…

Understanding neuroscience has a great impact on leadership development. The study of neuroscience and its implication provides insights to the leaders, especially from the change management perspective. Different researches and studies of neuroscience with the perspective of leadership are available. I intended to review different…

Abstract This paper explores 3 published articles research online, and offline on the effects of working out, steroids, and supplements are taken by those who work out, and how it is related to the brain/ nervous system. The articles used vary in how they relate…

Eyewitness testimony (EWT) is the account a spectator or victim gives in court. They tend to provide a detailed observation of what they saw while the event was taking place. This essay will analyze how reliable the use of eyewitness testimony is throughout, and determine…

Eyewitness testimony is a pertinent part of the criminal justice system when investigating and prosecuting crimes. Eyewitness testimony consists of verbal statements from people regarding what they observed and recall that would be relevant to prove a crime (Wells, 2002). There has been a rising…

How reliable is an eyewitness statement? You’re probably thinking that eyewitness statement has to be reliable, if a person sees something and they are sure they know what they saw, then it must be reliable. But let’s say, you were in a bank this morning…

Eyewitness testimony can be an unbelievable convincing configuration of evidence during criminal justice proceedings. Many people from the public and even officials trust eyewitnesses to provide an accurate remembrance and clear insights of what occurred at the time of the crime. However, eyewitness testimonies on…

Abstract For hundreds of years, eyewitness memories and testimonies have been used in solving problems and indicting criminals around the world. The United States justice system also holds the accountability of eyewitness testimony above most other evidence. When using the Cognitive interview process, interviewers are…

Nowadays, one of the main issues in learning and teaching is to identify the causes of success and failure that learners attribute to their learning. How individuals perceive their success or failures has a very strong impact on their future performance; awareness of one’s attribution…

Amnesia is actually a rare condition in which an individual cannot remember or learn information that is saved in memory. Amnesia refers to a great loss of memories that should not have been lost, such as important milestones, people, and knowledge. Some other symptoms of…

Introduction Cognition is the understanding and development of mental processes through senses and experiences to obtain knowledge. The areas of cognition in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates) I will be exploring are: long term memory, attention and sensory perception. Early interest in bottlenose dolphin cognition arose…

In new studies, researchers aim to discover the ways animal brains with fornix lesions behave in instances where they must rely on their recognition ability, which allows them optimum choice, when it is hard or impossible to recall (Clayton & Dickinson, 1998). From this research,…

Introduction: Flashbulb memories arise out of situations in which one first hears of a surprising or emotionally arousing event (Brown & Kulik,1977). (Spanhel, Wagner, Geiger, Ofer, Schulze-Bonhage & Metternich (2018) categorizes FBM’s as a subgroup of autobiographical memories that are associated with emotionally arousing news….

The target paper had strengths that ensured its successful outcomes-yet contained limitations that could have been improved to have effective outcomes. One of the advantages of the study is the methodology used in the study. For example, Talarico and Rubin (2003) used random assignment to…

Have you ever had this strange feeling that you feel like you have seen or experienced whatever that is happening now before? Or even dreamt about it before? Déjà vu is a kind of feeling. In French, déjà vu means “already seen”. It is a…

Almost everyone has at least one strong, vivid, emotional memory of a significant and/or shocking event that has occurred in their past, no matter how long ago it happened. This kind of memory is called a flashbulb memory. Flashbulb memories are very intense and vivid…

Deja vu is a feeling of having already experienced the present situation. Frequently, deja vu hits more times than we can count. When it does, it’s creepy effects leaves people feeling as though they are floating in the clouds of wonder for a few minutes…

Defining resilience Resilience refers to the class of phenomena characterised by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant risk and adversity. Resilience is concluded on the basis of two major judgements – the individual is ‘doing ok’ or better than ‘ok’ with respect…

Oral History is a recorded conversation, conducted according to generally accepted professional rules aimed at turning personal memories into publicly accessible certificates. Typically, the interviewees viewed or participated in an event regarding the given subject. Oral History refers to the finished product, the story of…

Risk taking behavior is known as a adolescent’s behavior that risk their life, health, development and transition to subsequent developmental periods (Yılmaz Irmak, 2014). The reason I decide to study with adolescents is as Morningstar and his colleagues (2019) mentioned to compare adults, adolescent’s emotions…

It is foolish to be indoctrinated with blindness on the head. It is good to test such suspicious stones as soon as possible and to put them in the system. If the religion is true, then they will never burn in the furnace; inverted ones…

As early as 1970s, the world started to become fascinated in video games and virtual role-playing platforms. It is when, according to Luenendonk (2015), gaming industry made its major transition from fringe entertainment to mainstream. With the advent of technology, the industry has become an…

Do you remember what a hassle it had been to recall the name of a famous person, the model of a car that once was in your mind, or what year a historical event took place? luckily, with Google, the answers are right in the…

Imagination is defined as the power to construct new ideas, images, concepts, and possible models of human experience, that are not based on the five human senses. Humans generally use their imagination for two wide-ranged categories. Solving problems, formulating hypotheses, making predictions, and coming up…

Have you ever wondered how people get back up with no problem after they’ve had a big setback? The secret to a better life? Why everyone is so happy? What if I told you it’s all in your head, and you’ve had the power to…

Everyone has heard the saying “sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me”. Well the fact is, words do hurt, and words can sometimes be discouraging. Not only can failure be discouraging and can potentially cause a person to give…

Ever think about how each and every student are different and what makes each one of them unique? According to psychologist Carol Dweck, “all children develop a belief on their own intelligence”. In “Students’ View of Intelligence Can Help Grades” Michelle Trudeau, focuses on growth…

Background Six of a hundred Singaporeans lives out of Singapore. Greater number of Singaporeans are living abroad, and this trend is said to continue and not decline. Statistics have shown that 213 400 Singaporeans are living abroad as compared to 157 800 Singaporeans in 2004…

This seminar paper will be dealing with Virginia Woolf and her perception towards artists, art, the process of its creation. These topics are omnipresent in all her works, both fictional and non-fictional, and these paper will try to present those viewpoints through her novel To…

The article chosen is, ‘Perception and Experience of Transformative Learning and Faculty Authenticity Among North American Professors of Christian Education (NAPCE)’ by Hoykung Paul Kang examines the importance of authenticity of Christian professors who have had experience with the transformative model of learning and its…

Small scale farmers are the driving force behind economies in Africa, even though their potential is not realized. The term small scale farmers is given to farmers from their lack of resources, they own small land that they use to produce crops. Which they may…

One of the many problems the Media Technology industry faces is Piracy. Piracy is not the pirates you see in movies and shows. It is the illegal download of films. Yes, downloading films for free is a crime and can become a big problem. A…

Introduction The environment is having a huge impact on your health and lifespan in your neighborhood and surrounding community. Wherever you live, it determines how safe your drinking water is, whether you have access to healthy food, how often you exercise outdoors, and whether you…

With all of the many moving parts of today’s demanding schedules, it is easy to miss the mark of the suggested seven to ten hours of sleep a night. In this article, it states that nearly a third of the U.S. population is not getting…

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the most important pieces of American literature from the eighteen hundreds. An amazing satire revolving around a poor white boy and runaway slave that challenged all ideas about racism from the time. Although racism was the central…

The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Known as one of the most intensively studied theories, Cognitive Dissonance theory was developed by American social psychologist Leon Festinger in 1957. He proposed individuals have a core belief system that affects attitude and actions. When conflict to this core…

Another revision was offered by Cooper and Fazio. He stated that dissonance occurs due to an unwarranted consequence. This was referred to as “new look”, which meant that people feel bad about their actions if they result in an adverse consequence and thus a dissonance…

Introduction Amidst a change in food demand patterns in emerging economies such as China and India leading to an increase in the consumption of fish (Gandhi and Zhou 2014) hand in hand with growing concerns on feeding World population and climate change, not only supply…

The Sins in The Divine Comedy In Dante Alighieri’s Inferno, he recalls his path through hell in order to escape the grasp of sin. In the Dark Wood of Error, Dante meets Virgil, his guide, after realizing he cannot reach heaven due to the many…

Deception is a highly debatable ethical issue in the Psychology. There have been studies that display deception in experiments as objectionable. As well as studies that display it as a necessity for a desired set of results. However, despite opinions deception is still very popular…

The word deception is an under-researched and habitually contentious topic of discussion in the realm of psychology, with most prominence being placed on deception detection. Majority of scholars use the term deception and lying interchangeably. Although some find it similar to manipulation. Deception can be…

Introduction A heuristics is a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. These rule-of-thumb strategies shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about their next course of action. Heuristics are helpful in…