Essays on Forest

A forest is a substantial zone ruled by trees. Many more exact meanings of forest are utilized all through the world, fusing elements, for example, tree thickness, tree stature, arrive utilize, lawful standing and environmental function. As indicated by the broadly used Nourishment and Horticulture Association definition, timberlands secured four billion hectares (9.9×109 sections of land) (15 million square miles) or roughly 30% of the world's property region in 2006. Human culture and woods ...

Temperate climatic regions (Hogarth 2015). These warm, temperate mangrove stands typically contain fewer species (sometimes only a single species) than stands in the tropics (Hogarth 2015). The complex prop-roots and pneumatophores of mangrove trees form a solid substrate within the intertidal and subtidal zones in estuaries, where they provide suitable habitat for a wide diversity of other floral and faunal life (Ellison and Farnsworth 1992). Mangrove forests are considered one of the most ...

Timber is a very known renewable resource and it can be found in many sustainably managed forests and plantations. It is a very light material and it is easy to work with for professional builders as it requires special equipment beyond the regular carpentry tools. The major downside to timber is that it manages to deteriorate over time and if it is not carefully looked after by staining, oiling or painting then it would deteriorate faster. Timber buildings are not well insulated but it could ...

Over the past decade, numerous interests have engaged in European politics and have pushed for a shift towards a bioeconomy, based on an increased use of renewable resources, such as the forest-based bioeconomy in Finland. However, different ‘shades of green’ and trade-offs among the different objectives stated in forest and bioeconomy strategies, and the diverse forest owner objectives, have become widely discussed recently. The question of whose voices get heard and which interests served ...

The invasive Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) is a phloem feeding beetle, which has devasted ash trees (Fraxinus spp. ) throughout North American. The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) was discovered in southeastern Michigan and was soon after discovered in Ontario, Canada (Haack et al. 2002). The feeding behaviours of EAB block the flow of phloem within the effected ash tree, causing mortality within as little as 2 years. Much of the current scientific literature deals with the basic information ...

Gotjawal has microclimate and maintains the temperature stable. Therefore, plants from temperate region and warm temperate zone can coexist. Biome: The Gotjawal has about 600 species of vascular plants, and it provides home and refuge for many kinds of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Many these are endangered species. The Threats to Gotjawal The Gotjawal forest is being destroyed by large-scale development projects. Currently, there is a project to make a safari in Sunheaul Gotjawal. ...

Forest fire is a complex biophysical process with numerous direct and indirect effects on the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere. Moreover, in some fire-prone environment, fire disturbance is an essential part of maintaining the ecosystem (Verma and Jayakumar 2015, 2018). Fire is a key factor that determines the forest diversity and dynamics of vegetation (Bajocco et al. 2010). A forest fire is an ecological oxymoron, it can disturb fauna and flora, sometimes also involves villages ...

If you like Mountainous Landscapes and wilderness in its untouched form, you are in a right place. Bosnia and Herzegovina, a small country hidden in the heart of Europe, is full of amazing natural sceneries in all its charms untouched by human hand. It boasts a large number of mountain areas that are absolutely beautiful. The country is home to many nature reserves and national parks with lots of forests. Scenic Mountains are crossed by the purest rivers and various waterfalls. As you travel ...

The weather and climate have strong influence on Forest tree diseases The disease incidence, severity and distribution are directly related with fungi, bacteria, viruses and other microorganism infections.The drought or typhoons being extreme weather conditions can destroy large number of forest trees directly through overwhelming their physiological capacity and structural power. Expected alternations in climate reacted with the increasing pathogen stress and lack of fire of invasive species ...

Sweden is the second largest exporter of pulp, paper and other sawn wood combined products, meaning that the forest plays a big factor in the Swedish economy. Near 90% of all the paper and pulp production is exported. If we look at the consumption, nearly a quarter of all the pulp used in Europe is produced in Sweden. We will also look at the country’s GDP, unemployment, factor markets, competition and inflation. Paper and pulp is a product with a rather high demand. Because of this reason ...

Forests offer extensive advantages to human life, contributing to its well being and prosperity in a variety of ways. Being an essential source of wood stock, they help in countering poverty, ensuring food security, and providing satisfactory livelihoods. Additionally, they offer favorable mid-term green growth opportunities and contribute to the environment in the long term by ensuring clean air, water, biodiversity, and alleviation of climate change (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 ...

Pollinators provide a key ecosystem service, vital to shaping wild plant communities. Wild bees (Apidae) (including bumblebees (Bombus sp.) and solitary bees) are primary pollinators but are significantly declining in the UK in diversity and abundance.Apidae exhibit several life habits, necessitating a broad spectrum of habitats. Species-specific foraging and nesting behaviour coupled with finite ranges and available resources define the temporal and spatial extent of critical landscape ...

The total forest and tree cover of the India is 794,245 sq km (79.42 million ha) which is 24.16% of its total geographical area. The total forest cover of India is far below the national goal i.e. 33% as per National Forest Policy, 1988 (FSI, 2015). In present days, forestry and agriculture sectors facing diverse challenges and constraints due to growing population pressure, increasing food, pulp, fodder and timber requirement, natural resource degradation and climate change. Diversification ...

The human population has grown exponentially over the last few decades and along with it, there is an increasing demand of land for various uses. This trend is projected to continue over the next century, increasing the need for more systematic and stringent management of land resources. An increasing amount of attention has been given recently on restoring “degraded” land and forests – low productivity sites which have declined in its provision of resources and ecosystem services. The global ...

The sustainable management of forests for multiple uses requires fine-scale resource information for a range of attributes. Remotely sensed imagery, if appropriately interpreted, can provide detailed, quantitative data for deriving forest information. This paper describes the tree identification and delineation algorithm (TIDA), an image analysis tool designed to delineate tree crowns automatically in high spatial resolution digital imagery. The (local) radiometric maxima and minima are the ...