Hydraulic fracturing is a process of breaking down the hard materials and create a new fracture with in a rock formation by pumping large amount of water and other components at a high pressure. Cracking of hard object is already present in underground formation of rocks. Hydraulic fracture through wellborn generate a different paths of existing fractures methods and also generate a another cracking methods to develop gas and oil recovery. Hydraulic fracturing methods have been addressed by a number of different countries as they develop approaches to this new technology, including Canada (NEB, 2009; CCA, 2014), the United Kingdom (The Royal Society, 2012), United Nations (Perduzzi & Harding, 2012), the United States (USEPA, 2013), and Australia (Cook et al, 2013).
The numerous citizens also worried that hydraulic fracturing has adverse affect on environment and also it would affect property values especially in those areas where the industries are active. Hydraulic fracturing may indeed adversely affect property valuation and salability, given it makes land more difficult to plan, subdivide and use, and can create (actual or perceived) concerns over water quality that is “a key driver of property value”, especially in rural areas (Lipscomb et al., 2012). In a US study, many buyers would not buy homes near to hydraulic fracturing projects, and those that might would reduce their offers by 5-15% in strong real estate market, with losses increasing by another 10% in weaker markets (Thourpe et al., 2013).
Undoubtedly, industry may create many job opportunities and cash flow but on the negative side it also has adverse affect on environment, which can result out migration and problems in other type of developments and job job opportunities. As Nova Scotia’s provincial government claims ownership of hydrocarbons within the ground, royalty payments would not flow directly to individuals as they do in the U.S. (Cherry, 2014; Jacquet, 2014), and this difference, combined with concern regarding overhyped job creation and economic underperformance of the industry (Mauro et al., 2013; Kinnaman, 2011), may contribute to a lack of perceived local opportunities and hence greater perception of risk amongst the public.
Research from the eastern US Shoes that intensive hydraulic fracturing poses “many threats to biodiversity” – including extirpation or extinction – especially for species with restricted geographic ranges that overlap with industrial activities largely due to degradation of water quality and fragmentation of forests (Gillen and Kiviat, 2012). In Nova Scotia, biodiversity considerations have been mapped across the province, indicating that approximately 60% of the region should be actively managed to conserve “genes, species and ecosystems over time” (Beazley et al., 2005). In areas with hydraulic fracturing, farmers are often concerned about pollution and its impacts on humans, animals and soil, and in some regions agriculturalists compete with industry for land and water resources (Russell, 2013).
