Essays on Metabolism

Abstract Neutral red dye transports through a membrane of yeast cells using active transport.. We decided that changing glucose concentration could overcome inhibition of active transport channels in S. cerevisiae and lead to an increase of ATP made available to the cell; therefore an increase…

Epinephrine auto-injection, also known as adrenaline, or the company that most people are familiar with is the EpiPen. This molecular compound is making a great impact on the lives of those who have very intense allergies, the most common allergens are peanuts, bees and shellfish….

In India, most of us start our day with morning tea and enjoy our evening tea with family and friends therefore somehow people are emotionally connected with tea. Tea is not only favourite drink in India but its consumptions have increased in Newark and California….

Abstract Background: The Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica has been shown to be an efficient animal model for studying the retinal disorders. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells of this animal model and human monocyte cells were used to determine the conditions under which irradiation of…

One of the most common supplements taken when people are trying to build lean muscle is whey protein. I took whey protein when I was in high school because I thought it would help me become stronger. Originally my way of knowing this was a…

Effects of CYP2D6 and SULT1A1 genotypes including SULT1A1 gene copy number on tamoxifen metabolism Introduction Tamoxifen is an anticancer prodrug effective against breast tumors for women that is activated through hepatic metabolism. Although this drug has been proven to be effective for reducing recurrences, inter-individual…

While it is undoubtedly a blessing to be armed with such a wealth of information in regards to healthcare, such a staggering volume of literature may have one wondering how to start learning more about a particular treatment. The following pages explore ten different peer-reviewed…

Abstract There is a significant gap in the literature as to patient experiences surrounding metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this pilot study was to understand the knowledge of patients with metabolic syndrome surrounding their condition and self-reported barriers to management. Individuals with metabolic syndrome were…

Abstract Metabolomics – the novel science that evaluates all low-molecular-weight metabolites in a biological system, provides new data about pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases, including endocrine tumors. Although the metabolomic analysis in pituitary pathology is at an early stage, it seems to be a promising approach…

Smoking is a health problem particularly in developing countries like Iraq. Cigarette smoking injure almost every organ in the body, and diminish the health of the smokers in general, its considered as a major reversible risk factor in relation with cardiovascular diseases morbidity and mortality….

The purpose of this study was to compare the selected three (3) physiological characteristics in three (3) different sports. The selected physiological parameters are VO2max, average anaerobic power, and fatigue index. These parameters were studied in athletics, badminton, and kabaddi. VO2max was predicted indirectly by…

In previous papers, multiple sclerosis (MS) has been defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease. MS advancement has been divided into two stages: relapse emitting stage (RRMS) and secondary progressive stage (SPMS). Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial deficits can affect cortical pathology that can in…

HOST: DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYME Human xenobiotic metabolism generally converts non polar compounds into hydrophilic, high molecular weight compounds so that they can be more readily excreted. The process occurs in hepatic circulation as follows: In phase I, enzymes such as Cytochrome P450 oxidases, introduce a…