Essays on Tuberculosis

Introduction Traveling has become a common activity for many and today people are no longer destined to stay on only one continent. Further, the ease and affordability of travelling has made it easy to spread diseases as opposed to the past. Tuberculosis is one of…

We are surrounded by a lot of bacteria in the world that could potentially enter our bodies and create harm or good for the immune system. Although our bodies are balanced with good and bad bacteria, Tuberculosis is not a bacteria that you would want…

Introduction Tuberculosis is still counted as one of the deadliest diseases worldwide despite its well-documented disease prevention and cure. People who live in countries like sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia, the Baltic States, and Russia have more impact on Tuberculosis than the white people countries….

Introduction Communicable diseases (CDs) were the main cause of death globally for several decades (Boutayeb, 2006). These diseases include “tuberculosis (TB), cholera, meningitis, hepatitis, malaria, dengue, yellow fever, AIDS, Ebola, and SARS”. Hence, recent years the occurrences of non-communicable disease (NCDs) become relatively high, this…

The macrophages mount an effective host defense by recognizing, engulfing and killing M. tuberculosis. The recruitment of macrophages is through Toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated signaling that is triggered by pathogen activated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on bacterial surface. The infected macrophages transport the bacteria across…

Global new case notification of Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in 2005 was 0.651 million which figured out at nearly one million at 20162 maintaining a steady increase within this era (2005-2016) and new case notification rate is considerably lower than the expected incidence rate according to…

In low- and middle-income countries, pulmonary active TB usually diagnosed by patient’s appropriate history, clinical symptoms and/or microbiologic evaluation of Mtb by sputum-smear microscopy, culture techniques and chest X-ray. Sputum microscopy involves the examination of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained slide under light microscope. Individuals harboring the largest numbers…