Essays on Tuberculosis

The macrophages mount an effective host defense by recognizing, engulfing and killing M. tuberculosis. The recruitment of macrophages is through Toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated signaling that is triggered by pathogen activated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on bacterial surface. The infected macrophages transport the bacteria across…

In low- and middle-income countries, pulmonary active TB usually diagnosed by patient’s appropriate history, clinical symptoms and/or microbiologic evaluation of Mtb by sputum-smear microscopy, culture techniques and chest X-ray. Sputum microscopy involves the examination of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained slide under light microscope. Individuals harboring the largest numbers…

Bacteria are microscopic single celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. They can live within soil, in the ocean and inside the human gut. The three basic bacterial shapes are spherical, bacillus and spiral. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that spreads through inhaling tiny…