Essays on Urbanization

The need for a participatory and people-centric urban development has been long felt as programmes like JNNURM that followed a top-down approach. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act laid emphasis on creating an enabling environment through the creation of platforms for citizen engagement in identifying, planning…

With the rapid expansion of urbanization and industrialization the need for adult education in urban areas was also felt. The first organized attempt at planning and programming of adult education for adults, in urban and industrial area. Every country develops its own system of education…

The moment early man decided to settle down in the fertile lands of South Asia, the world changed forever. The transition from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agrarian communities, marked a decisive change in the development of humankind and the cultures we have since established. After…

What kind of cities have we built over past decades particularly when we look at unjust urban spaces? The uneven development of many public spaces is a classic case of spatial injustice in Iran, mainly in the inner city of Tehran. Most of the practices…

The urbanization and rise in Labor Union movement As to start with, what is “Labor Union” mean in historical terms? According to Merriam-Webster, “an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions.” The…

It is an amazing fact that one gram of fertile top soil may contain 1000-4000 million bacteria and up to 100 meters of fungal mycelium. Urban soils are mostly compacted, have disturbed soil profiles, are over fertilised, are over watered or under watered, have low…

Due to urban conurbation, numerous homes, particularly in more populated rural regions, have expansive gardens and most individuals utilize gasoline fueled grass cutters to cut their grass. This comes about in a tremendous sum of contamination each year. You’ll be able do something to assist…

Humans have always had an innate attraction to being a part of a group and bonding with others. In an urban environment “the city is essentially a form of social organization based on occupational specialization and social stratification of a territorially based population which has…

The world is urbanizing faster than current city-design practice can keep up. Climate change has introduced a new dynamism into what once appeared to be a stable environment and there are controversies and uncertainties about the basic theory of city design, as shown by the…

Synergization of urban modes of transport – critical for sustaining urban transport Inadequacy of urban public transport, congestion, pollution etc. are common problems experienced today. This paper analyses the issues involved and the long-term policy initiatives required. Urbanization Trends in India Itispertinent to look at…