A bill that was considered in Congress in 2019 was bill S.2249 by Sen. Wicker, Roger F. this bill that allows the Deputy Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration on the date of enactment of this Act to continue to serve as such Deputy Administrator even if the FAA Administrator is a former regular officer of the Armed Forces. This bill was first proposed on July 24, 2019, it was introduced to the Senate, the bill was read two times, stopped to be considered, and then it was read over once more, and then the bill was passed by an Unanimous Consent. That very same day the House received bill S.2249. Next the message that came from the House is seeking for action to be taken by the Senate is now being reported by the chair. Once this is completed the bill is now referred to house committee on Transportation and infrastructure. On July 25, 2019 the House committee on transportation and infrastructure has now referred the bill to the Subcommittee on Aviation. Once that was done Mr. Larsen (WA) from the House will asked unanimous consent to discharge from committee and consider the bill. The House committee on transportation has now brought the bill out of committee and to the floor for consideration without a report from the committee, this parliamentary procedure is called a discharge petition which is what The House committee on transportation has now done. The same day the bill is now being considered by an unanimous consent, next the bill has passed without any objections. Then there was a motion to reconsider which was laid on the table and was agreed to without any objections. The bill was sent off to the Senate. The Senate then submitted bill S.2249 to the President on July 30, 2019. On August 2, 2019 bill S.2249 was signed by the President, on the same day bill S.2249 became Public Law No: 116-38.
In the United States the people who creates and passes bills is committees are an crucial part of the legislative process. The Senate committees monitor the on-goings of the governmental operations, as well as identify issues that are suitable for legislative review, and gather and assess information, and they also recommend courses of action to the Senate. There are four types of committees in Congress, the first one is standing committees which are permanent committees that are generally more powerful than other types of committees. The second is select committees they are created for a specific purpose, which is typically to investigate a particular problem. The third one is joint committees they are permanent committees that are composed of members from both the House of Representatives and the Senate; they generally serve as an advisory board to other congressional committees. The last one is the conference committees they are the temporary committees that are drawn from both chambers that meet to work out a compromise agreement on a bill, or proposed law, that has emerged from both houses in different forms. The rules for debate on the floor are that any former members are prohibited from being on the floor including the Speaker's Lobby and cloakrooms, and if any matter in which they have a personal or pecuniary interest or are employed or retained as a lobbyist is pending before the House. Some of the powers of the Executive branch throughout this process is that Executive branch agencies are able to issue regulations with full force of law, but only under the authorization of laws that are enacted by Congress. The President can veto bills that Congress have passed, but Congress can override that veto by a two-thirds vote in both Senate and the House of Representatives. Some of the powers of the Legislative branch throughout this process is that Legislative branch agencies have the power to initiate revenue bills, impeach federal officials, and elect the President in the case of an electoral college tie.
Checks and Balances was set up to make sure no one branch would be able to control too much power, and it created a separation of powers. The legislative branch makes laws, but the President in the executive branch can veto those laws with a Presidential Veto. Now the legislative branch may makes laws, but the judicial branch can declare those laws unconstitutional. The executive branch, through Federal agencies, is responsible for the day-to-day enforcement and administration of the Federal laws. These Federal departments and agencies have responsibilities that vary, from environmental protection to protecting the Nation’s borders. The President in the executive branch can veto a law, but the legislative branch can override that veto with enough votes. The legislative branch has the power to approve Presidential nominations, control the budget, and impeach the President plus remove him or her from office. The executive branch can declare Executive Orders, which are proclamations that carry the force of the law, but the judicial branch can declare those acts unconstitutional. The judicial branch interprets the laws, but the President nominates Supreme Court justices, court of appeals judges, and district court judges who are the one who make the evaluations. The judicial branch interprets the laws, but the Senate in the legislative branch is the one who confirms the President’s nominations for judicial positions, and Congress can impeach any of those judges and remove them from office.
The federal court system has three main levels which are the U.S. District Court, the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court. The District courts resolve disputes by determining the facts and applying legal principles to decide who is right. Trial courts include the district judge who tries the case and a jury that decides the case. The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals task is to determine whether or not the law was applied correctly in the trial court. Appeals courts consist of three judges and do not use a jury. The Supreme Court has two fundamental functions. The Supreme Court must interpret and clarify all congressional enactments that are brought forth in proper cases; in this respect its role parallels that of the state courts of final resort in making the decisive interpretation of state law.
Judicial review is the power a court has in order to decide whether or not a law or a decision that is made by the government is constitutional or not. Judicial power was established in the United States of America in the Supreme Court when the case Marbury v. Madison came up. The Judicial Review, was established by the decision that was made in Marbury v. Madison in the year 1803. There is not one law or action that can counteract the U.S. Constitution, which is the law of the land. The court can only review a law that is brought forth through a law suit. An example of the use of judicial review in Supreme Court history is the case Glossip v. Gross when the court decided that states are allowed to use an execution drug that was said to create excruciating pain in order to carry out any death sentences. In the end in the year 2008, the Supreme Court ruled that the combination of the chemicals does not violate the Eighth Amendment in the Constitution.
